Story Published:
Apr 30, 2007 at 10:22 AM EDT
Story Updated:
Apr 30, 2007 at 10:22 AM EDT
By
Brandon Butcher
Lightning does indeed come up from the ground. Even though we commonly view lightning as 'striking' the ground...the process of lightning is a bit more complex. The internals of a thunderstorm effectively separate electrical charges, with positive and negative charges accumulating in different parts of the cloud. These charges are still attracted to eachother, despite being separated. In a thunderstorm, most often it will be the negatively charged ions at the base of a thunderstorm.
The Earth is charged as well, and in response to an increase in charge
at the bottom of a thunderstorm cloud, the opposite charge will be
climbing up anything it can find to get as close to the charge building
in the cloud. In most cases, this would be large amounts of positive
ions finding their way through the crowd, up sky scrapers and radio
tires, sailboat masts (and even people) to get as close to the cloud as
possible. This is a feedback process, which mutually encourages charges to increase in concentration toward a central location in both the cloud and on the ground.
Finally, the air itself can no longer insulate the electricity and
breaks down ("ionizes" -- happens at a very high electric charge
level)...The electric charge thus begins to travel in the air beneath
the base of the cloud toward the positive ions on the ground, but only
in about 50 meter 'steps', because it eventually encounters more air
that has yet to be ionized. Since the electricity is in such a high
quantity by this point when it gets to this lower air, it takes
virtually no time at all to push this air beyond the breaking point and
ionizes it. Each successive 'step' is a new voyage for the electric
charge, and often creates crazy patterns in the sky of travel toward
their end. Each time, lightning is attempting to be lazy; to get to the
opposite charge at the ground as quickly and as easily as possible,
though it often doesn't end up that way by it's stepped appearance.
However, eventually (all happening in a fraction of a second), the
lightning bolt makes it down toward the ground.
Now, the charges on the ground have been building as well, itching to
make their move. When the electric charge from the cloud (normally
negative ions) make it within 100 yards or so from the ground, all the
positive ions that have been growing for a long time, think it's 'Go
Time', and launch up from the ground toward the path illuminated by the
ionized air. When the connection is made, there is a violent release of
pent-up electricity (that can match or even exceed the temperature of
the Sun), and in a split second, multiple flashes and 'return strokes'
go back and forth up that established channel (sometimes you can see it
flicker), until the charges have been released enough for that ionized
air-path to once again fall below the threshold for electrification. One
other thing, when the air column along this path has been ionized,
there's a loud sonic boom caused by its quick collapse, which is often
loud: Thunder.