1800s
By
Brandon Butcher
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1821 - September 3rd-4th - Referred to as the "Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane", even though it most known for its landfall at Cape May, NJ, with reportedly Category 4 winds. It began most likely off the Cape Verde Islands, as so many of the notable New England hurricanes do, marched across the Caribbean Islands, and headed North toward the US coast. It first made landfall on the outer banks of North Carolina at a fast forward speed, passes over or very near Norfolk, VA, causing much damage, and eventually the eye itself is reported over New Jersey. The hurricane is said to have weakened gradually as it heads up North from NJ, but it's fast speed allows its winds to stay up on its east side, and it didn't have any problem slamming directly into New York City. It's a good thing only 152,000 people lived there at the time, because the storm surge rushed in 13 feet in an hour. The Hudson River merged for a time with the East River. The storm then continued quickly into Connecticut and Western Massachusetts, with many damage reports, before turning extratropical in northern New England. This hurricane is also known as "Redfield's Hurricane", as he was to later publish his thoughts on the storm, and progress what had been known about the behavior of hurricanes. 1825 - June 4th - An early season Major hurricane, although it probably was a minimal hurricane by the time it hits the Southeast Coast of Massachusetts. First reported at Santo Domingo on May 28th, before moving over Cuba on it's way to devastate St. Augustine, FL. There was much damage reported in Charleston, SC, Norfolk, VA, shipping lanes off NY, before moving on to New England. By now, New Englanders have seen plenty of hurricanes, so it's conceivable that minimal hurricanes like this one affecting the Cape would have little fanfare. 1858 - September 16th - Another minimal hurricane of hardly any consequence, it tracks up the eastern seaboard, but stumbles across the CT/RI border as a struggling Category 1 storm. The best it ever did was around 85mph winds and a central pressure of 976mb, but it was weaker than that when it made landfall near Sag Harbor, with little impact. Maine had a few minor reports of damage, but nothing that a strong gale itself couldn't produce. 1869 - September 8th - A major hurricane nips the eastern tip of Long Island before slamming the CT/RI border. Caused extensive damage, though it's arrival at low tide was fortunate. Nevertheless, brought record waves to the Narragansett pier. Upon coming ashore, its interaction with the terrain combined with its forward speed created an odd wind field for a hurricane. It then cut a path straight up through to Maine, knocking the Portland Head Light fog bell into a ravine, and granting parts of the state a rare look at full tropical storm winds. All wind-related damage occurred to the east of the center. The Helen Eliza wrecked off Casco Bay in Maine, killing 11. 1879 - August 18th-19th - Sometimes referred to as the "Cape Cod Hurricane of 1879", in reality this storm was a little less dramatic for the New England area. This storm was a major hurricane when it first made landfall around the Cape Lookout area of North Carolina. It moved across Eastern Virginia, with some pretty vivid accounts from the Norfolk area, where they refer to the storm as "The Great Tempest". This storm then continued onward to the northeast, moving over Cape Cod, further eroding the Chatham Lighthouse foundation. As is typical for a 'New England hurricane', most of the flooding rains migrate to the west of center, and the winds to the east, so in this case, a storm that traverses the eastern points of Cape Cod at a fast rate of speed would be yet another hurricane of little lasting consequence, with most of it's winds offshore. Nevertheless, it beached many ships on the coastline, including the George F. Whistler, an unfortunate demise for the namesake of the husband of "Whistler's Mother". 1893 - August 23rd-24th - A hurricane makes landfall in New York City as a strong Category 1 hurricane (or even Category 2). Also called the "West Indies Monster", it was first spotted in the states off the Tidewater coast, with an 88mph sustained wind at Cape Henry, it proceeds up through what is now the JFK Airport. Crashing 30-foot waves, felling some 200 trees in Central Park, and permanently erases the Hog Island resort community (and the Island itself) off the map. The storm is also responsible for the loss of the tug boat, Panther. The storm curves up toward New England, causing substantial damage there, before weakening. This storm is more known for 'what could happen' to NYC if a hurricane were to strike, rather than what it did to New England (seeing as most major cities were well to the east). 1894 - October 10th - Another minimally qualifying storm, this one took a more unusual path, having first moved through the Gulf Coast. It managed to curve up the coast after exiting off the coast near Norfolk, with many ships damaged in the tempest. The hurricane continues up through to Connecticut, but makes little impact on storm-fatigued residents. Some damage is reported on and offshore of Northern New England, but this one, by most accounts, is another snore-fest. 1896 - September 9th - Minimally acceptable hurricanes continue to finish out the century by barely nicking parts of New England. This time, it's a storm born in the West Indies that is gradually weakening as it approaches Southeast Massachusetts. Highest winds reported on land were 76mph at Block Island. The always melodramatic New York Times reports 'lightning and gale's fury', and the Washington Post reports one of the highest tides of the year. Other than that, rather uneventful. |
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